The diagnostic utility of procalcitonin, interleukin-6 and interleukin-8, and hyaluronic acid in the Norwegian consensus definition for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS)

Introduction A key challenge in identifying serious bacterial infection in new born infants is the nonspecific clinical presentation of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Routinely used C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, and platelets are nonspecific. We assessed the diagnostic utility of single biomarkers or combinations of procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and hyaluronic acid (HA) in newborn infant with EONS, and in human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) from deliveries with chorioamnionitis. Materials and methods Blood was collected from term infants with strictly defined EONS (group 1, n=15), healthy term infants (group 2, n=15), and the umbilical vein from pregnancies with suspected chorioamnionitis (group 3, n=8), and from healthy pregnancies with no signs of infection (group 4, n=15). Results Neonatal plasma PCT and IL-8 showed good predictive value (90% and 83%) for EONS, and the combination of IL-6 or HA with PCT increased the predictability to 87% and 90%, respectively. PCT, IL-6, IL-8, and HA were 8.4-, 4.5-, 3.6-, and 1.9-fold higher when compared with plasma levels in noninfected neonates. PCT, IL-6, and IL-8 in HUCB predicted chorioamnionitis and fever in the delivering mother (89%, 83%, and 72%, respectively). HA was a poor predictor (59%), but its predictability increased in combination with PCT, IL-8, or IL-6. In HUCB from chorioamnionitic deliveries, IL-6, IL-8, and PCT were 23-, 14-, and 2.4-fold higher, respectively, when compared with HUCB from healthy deliveries. There was no correlation between C-reactive protein, white blood cell, and platelet count with PCT, IL-6, IL-8, or HA. Conclusion In neonates that fulfilled the Norwegian consensus definition of neonatal sepsis, PCT, IL-6, and IL-8, but not HA, have the potential to improve our management of neonates at risk. Except for PCT and IL-8, both with a predictability of >80% in neonatal plasma, combinations of biomarkers increased the predictability for EONS and chorioamnionitis.